New Delhi, Iaiong 13: Katba ka Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) jong ka India ka la dap phra snem ha ka 8 tarik u Iaiong, ngi phaikhmat binag sa shisien ia ki jingkylla ba la wanrah da kane ka prokram pynbiang lad ai ram kiba la thmu ha kito ki por jong u snem 2014-15 kiba dap da ki jingeh namar ka jingai ia ki ram kiba wanrah jynjar kiba la ktah ruh ia ka imlang sahlang ha ka ri.
Ka PMMY ka dei kawei na ki skhim ba kham kongsan jong ka Sorkar India kaba pynshlur ia ka jingseng kam lajong. Kane ka skhim ka peit bha ia ki kam baritbaria kiba don ka bynta ha ka ioh ka kot jong ka India. Bun na kine ki kam baritbaria ki don ha ki kam shna mar, kam pynbha mar, kam khaii bad ki jingai jingshakri, bad bun na kine ki kam ki dei kiba long trai da uwei ne kawei ka briew.
Ki jaka treikam kiba don ha kato ka por kim shym la lah ban pynbiang ia ki jingdonkam pisa jong kine ha kito ki por. Kine ki jaka trei shimet ki shaniah beit ha ka jinglah pynmih hi ia ka pisa lane ka jingshaniah jong kiba iatreikam jong ki lane ki nongai ram shimet.
Da kaba kynmaw ia kane ka jaka ba suda, la sdang ia ka PMMY da ka jingthmu ban plie ia ki lad na ka bynta kane ka bynta jong ka imlang sahlang ki bym ioh jingshakri ha kaba iadei bad ki kam pisa khnang ba kin iadei kam bad ki jaka ai ram kiba pura.
La sdang ia ka PMMY ha u snem 2015 kaba pynbiang ram haduh T. 10 lak khlem da buh bynda, bad ia kane ka ram la ai lyngba ki Member Lending Institution (MLI): kata kalong ka, Scheduled Commercial Bank (SCB), Regional Rural Bank (RRB), Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) bad ki Micro Finance Institution (MFI).
Hapoh ka jingpeit jong ka PMMY, ka Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency (MUDRA) ka la sdang lai tylli ki sub-skhim kiba iapher ha kaba iadei bad u pud jong ka jingai ram: Shishu (na ka bynta ki ram kiba haduh T 50,000), Kishore (T 50,001– T 5 lak) bad Tarun (T 500,001– T10 lak).
Ki kyrtengShishu, Kishore bad Tarunki pyni ruh ia ka jinglong jong ka jingkiew shaphrang jong u nongshim ram bad ki jingdonkam bei tyngka. Mano mano ruh kiba la pynkhrehia ka rukom treikam lane long trai ia ki kam baritbaria ki lah ban shim ia kane ka ram.
Kane ka skhim ka la iaid lyngba katto katne ki jingpynkylla naduh ba la sdang ia ka. Ka thong jong ka jingtreikam, kum ban shu kdew, ka la kham iar ban pynbun shuh shuh ki jingmyntoi ia ka ioh ka kot. Haba sdang, ka PMMY ka peit ia ki kam kamaikajih tang ha ki kam shna tiar, kam khaii bad jingai jingshakri.
Hynrei, naduh u 2016-17, ki kam kiba iadei bad ka kam rep bad ki jingai jingkyrshan ia kine kiba kyntiew ia ka kamaikajih ki la wan hapoh jong ka; naduh u 2017-18, la ai ram ban thied ia ki tractor bad ki power tiller; bad naduh u 2018-19, la kynthup ruh ia ki jingai ram ban thied ia ki thukthuk na ka bynta ki kam kamaikajih.
Ka jingpyllaitpisa hapoh ka skhim ka la ioh mad ia ka jingkiew kaba 33% ha ki lai snem ba nyngkong, kaba pyni ia ka jingpdiang ki briew ia kane. Ka jingwan jong ka khlamCovid bad ka jingsuki ki kam ka ioh ka kot namar kane ki la ktah ia ka jingdonkam ia kine ki jingshim ram. Ha katei ka por, ka kyndon ba kyrpang jong ka Reserve Bank of India (RBI) ka la ai jingmynjur ia ki jaka ai ram ba kin ai jingmap kaba hynriew bnai ia ka jingsiew ram hapoh kane ka skhim.
Hadien ba plie biang ki kam ka ioh ka kot, ka jingshim ram hapoh ka PMMY ka la sdang sted biang. Ha ki bynta bapher bapher, ka jingai ram ka la tam ia ki por shuwa ban wan ka khlam.
Ki jingtip haduh ka 24 tarik u Lber 2023 ka pyni ba baroh ki jingai ram hapoh kane ka skhim ki la kot sha ka T 22.65 trillion. Ka bynta jong ki ram Shishuka long kaba heh duh kaba kot sha ka 40% bad kane ka pyni ba ka PMMY ka ai jingkyrshan bha ia ki nongseng kam lajong kiba dang sdang.
Ka jingktah ka PMMYia ka ioh ka kot ka dei kaba la paw shai. Katkum ki jingshem jong ka tnat labour & employment jong ka Sorkar Pdeng, kane ka skhim ka la iarap ban pynmih sa 11.2 million ki kam hapdeng u snem 2015 bad 2018.
Ka jingktah ka PMMY ia ka imlang sahlang ka dei kaba kham jur bad lah ban sngewthuh ia kane ha lai tylli ki bynta. Kine ki bynta ki kynthup ka jingktah ia(1) ki kynhun ba iar ha ka imlang sahlang; 2) ki longkmie, bad 3) ki dkhot jong ki jaitbynriew rit paid ha ka imlang sahlang.
Ha kaba iadei bad kaba nyngkong, ka PMMY ka la ai jingmyntoi ia baroh ki bynta jong ka imlang sahlang ha India: General, Schedule Caste/Tribe (SC/ST) bad ki Other Backward Classes (OBCs). Ka jingkiew ka jingiashim bynta ki OBC bad ki SC ha ka jingshim ia kine ki ram ha ki por ba la dep ka pyni ia ka jingpur jong kane ka skhim.
Kawei na ki jingjop ba khraw jong kane ka skhim ka dei ka jingpeit bniah ia ka jingseng kam lajong da ki longkmie. Lyngba ka jingpeit ia ki jingshem naduh ba la sdang ia kane, la lap ba ka jingdon ki account jong ki longkmie ka bun haduh 69% katba ka jingdon bynta ki longkmie ha ka thup ki jingai ram ba la ai ka long 45%.
Ka jingai ram sha ki longkmie ba seng kam lajong ka kiew kumba 23% ha ki saw snem ba nyngkong jong kane ka skhim. Ha u 2022, ka la tam ia ki jinglong jingman shuwa ka jingwan ka khlamcovid, ha kaba ka la don ka jingkiew kaba haduh 28%.
Ka PMMY ka la iaid kam bha ruh ha kaba iadei bad ka jingplie lad lang ia baroh. Kane ka skhim ka la lah ban pynbiang ia ki jingdonkam jong kito kiba rit paid. Ka jingai ram ia ki dkhot jong ki jaitbynriew rit paid ka la bun bha ha u 2022, ha kaba ka bynta jong ki ka long 10%, bad ha kane, ka jiangai ram hapoh ki thupShishubad Kishore ki la kot sha ka 85% jong baroh ki jingai ram.
Namar ka PMMY ka dei ka skhim kaba treikam ha baroh kawei ka ri, ka jingpynbiang ha baroh ki bynta ka long kaba donkam bha na ka bynta ka jingkiew ka ioh ka kot kaba ryntih.
Kawei na ki jingthmu jong ka poilisi ka jingkiew ka India ka dei ban pyndap ia ka jingiapher hapdeng ka thain sepngi kaba la kiew bad ka thain mihngi kaba dang sahdien. Ka jingantadHerfindahl Concentration Index jong ka jingdon ki account bad ki account ba la ioh ram ka pyni ia ka jingai ram katkum ki jylla bad ki jait kam. Kane ka pyni ia ka jingpynbiang ia ki jingdonkam ha ka jaka kaba iar bha.
Ki jylla kum ka Uttar Pradesh, Odishabad Bihar ki la pyni ia ki jingmyntoi kiba khraw na ka PMMY. Ka West Bengal bad Tripura ruh ki la mad ia ka jingkiew ha ka bynta jong ki (bad ruh ha ki thupKishore bad Tarun), bad kane ka pyni ia ka jingiaid ki jingmyntoi sha ka thain mihngi.
Ki jaka ba la kham kiew kum ka nongbah jong ka ri, ka Maharashtra, Karnataka bad Goa ki la mad ia ka jingduna ha ka bynta jong ki watla ki don ka bynta kaba khraw bha ha ka skhim.
Haba peit pura, ka PMMY ka la pynurlong ia la ki jingthmu ban don ka jingpynbiang ba ryntih ia ki jingdonkam ha u snem ba khyndai jong ka jingtreikam da kaba kyntiew ia ka jingseng kam lajong ha baroh ki bynta jong ka imlang sahlang, ka jingkyntiew arshah ia ka jingiashim bynta ki longkmie bad ka jingiashim bynta ki briew rit paid.
Ha ki snem ban wan, ka long kaba donkam bha ba ka PMMY ka shim ia ki jingmyntoi kiba wan na ka 5G technology bad e-commerce, katba dang pyniar shuh shuh ka jingpyndonkam ia ki Mudra card. Ka jingpynshluria ka jingkyntiew kyrteng bad ka jingpyniaidryntih ia ki kam lajong ka lah ban long sa kawei ka lad ban kyntiew shuh shuh ia kane ka skhim.
U anthropologist ba pawnam, u Oscar Lewis u la ong teng ha ka jingthoh jong u ‘The Children of Sanchez’ ba ka ‘deiriti jong ka jingduk’ ka pyrshang ban pynksanialade katba dang iaid ka por bad kam pdiang ia u pud u sam.
Ka PMMY, ha ka por kaba duna bha, ka la pynbeit ia kane ka ‘deitiri jong ka jingduk’ bad ka la wanrah ia ka bor bad ka jingsngew skhem jingmut ha ki kam ai ram baritbaria jong ka India. Shisha, ka PMMY ka dei ka rukom pynbeit kaba kyrpang ia ki jingeh kiba man ka sngi. Kine ki dei ki jingsngew shimet jong u nongthoh da u Soumya Kanti Ghosh.
